Mareykanka (United States of America) wuxuu leeyahay taariikh dheer oo ka bilaabanaysa dadkii asalka ahaa (Native Americans) ee ku noolaa dhulkan kumanaan sano kahor. Taariikhda casriga ah ee Mareykanka waxaa si gaar ah loo lafa gurayaa marka la tixraaco soo-galootigii reer Yurub, kacaankii xornimada, iyo horumarka qaranka. Hoos waxaa ku xusan marxaladihii ugu muhiimsanaa ee taariikhda Mareykanka:
1-Soo-galootigii ugu horreeyay iyo Gumaystayaashii Yurub**
1492: Christopher Columbus ayaa gaaray qaaradda Ameerika isagoo ku safraya magaca Boqortooyada Isbaanishka.
1607: Waxaa la aasaasay magaalada Jamestown ee gobolka Virginia, taasoo noqotay gumeysigii Ingiriiska ee ugu horreeyay.
- Qarnigii 17aad iyo 18aad, gumeysi kala duwan oo ka yimid Ingiriiska, Faransiiska, iyo Isbaanishka ayaa deegaansaday dhulka Mareykanka.
2. Kacaankii Xornimada iyo Aasaaska Qaranka**
1775–1783: Dagaalkii Xornimada Mareykanka ayaa dhexmaray gumaysigii Ingiriiska iyo 13-gumeysi oo ku yaallay waqooyiga Ameerika.
-4-tii Luulyo, 1776**: Waxaa lagu dhawaaqay *Bayaanka Xornimada* (Declaration of Independence), oo Mareykanka kaga baxay gacanta Ingiriiska.
- 1787 Dastuurka Mareykanka ayaa la qoray, waxaana 1789 George Washington loo doortay madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dalka.
3. Ballaarinta iyo Dagaallada Gudaha**
- 1803: Mareykanka wuxuu sameeyay Louisiana Purchase, isagoo dhul ka iibsaday Faransiiska, taasoo si weyn u kordhisay baaxadda dalka.
-1861–1865: Dagaalkii Sokeeye (Civil War) ayaa dhacay, markii gobollada Koonfureed isku dayeen inay ka go’aan qaranka si ay u difaacaan addoonsiga. Abraham Lincoln, oo markaas madaxweyne ahaa, wuxuu hoggaamiyay Mareykanka guusha. Addoonsiga waxaa si rasmi ah loo mamnuucay.
4. Horumar iyo Laba Dagaal Weyn**
- 1900-meeyadii**: Mareykanka wuxuu noqday dal warshadeed xooggan, isagoo kor u qaaday dhaqaalaha iyo isgaarsiinta.
-1917**: Mareykanka wuxuu ku biiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka.
1941–1945**: Mareykanka ayaa ka qayb galay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka kadib weerarkii Pearl Harbor ee ay fuliyeen Japan. Intaa kadib, Mareykanka wuxuu noqday awoodda caalamka ugu weyn.
5. Dagaalkii Qaboobaa iyo Dhaqanka Dimuqraadiyadda**
-1947–1991: Wuxuu jiray Dagaal Qaboow (Cold War) oo u dhexeeyay Mareykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti, iyagoo ku tartamayey awoodda militari, siyaasadeed, iyo dhaqaale.
1960-meeyadii: Waxaa jiray kacdoonno xuquuqda madaniga ah (Civil Rights Movement), oo ay horkacayeen hoggaamiyaal sida Martin Luther King Jr., kuwaas oo ku guuleystay in dadka Afrikaanka ah helaan xuquuq la mid ah tan dadka caddaanka ah.
6. Qarnigii 21aad iyo Caqabadaha Cusub**
2001: Weerarradii 11-ka Sebtember ayaa horseeday dagaallo Mareykanka uu ku qaaday Afghanistan iyo Ciraaq, isagoo dagaal kula jiray argagixisada caalamiga ah.
2008: Barack Obama ayaa noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Afrikaan-Amerikaan ah.
2020: Dalku wuxuu wajahay COVID-19, doorashooyin muran badan dhaliyay, iyo kacdoonno la xiriira cadaaladda bulshada iyo isir-takoorka.
Mareykanka maanta waa qaran awood leh, kana mid ah dalalka hormuudka u ah siyaasadda, dhaqaalaha, iyo teknoolojiyadda caalamka.
Mareykanka wuxuu ka kooban yahay **50 gobol** iyo **distrik gaar ah** oo ah Washington, D.C., oo ah caasimadda qaranka. Gobol kasta wuxuu leeyahay dastuur iyo maamulka u gaar ah, balse waxaa si wadajir ah uga dhexeeya maamulka federaalka. Hoos waxaa ku qoran gobollada Mareykanka oo loo kala saaray waqooyi, koonfur, galbeed, iyo bariga.
### **Gobollada Waqooyi-bari (Northeast Region)**
1. Connecticut
2. Maine
3. Massachusetts
4. New Hampshire
5. Rhode Island
6. Vermont
7. New Jersey
8. New York
9. Pennsylvania
### **Gobollada Koonfureed (Southern Region)**
1. Alabama
2. Arkansas
3. Delaware
4. Florida
5. Georgia
6. Kentucky
7. Louisiana
8. Maryland
9. Mississippi
10. North Carolina
11. Oklahoma
12. South Carolina
13. Tennessee
14. Texas
15. Virginia
16. West Virginia
### **Gobollada Bartamaha Galbeed (Midwest Region)**
1. Illinois
2. Indiana
3. Iowa
4. Kansas
5. Michigan
6. Minnesota
7. Missouri
8. Nebraska
9. North Dakota
10. Ohio
11. South Dakota
12. Wisconsin
### **Gobollada Galbeedka (Western Region)**
1. Alaska
2. Arizona
3. California
4. Colorado
5. Hawaii
6. Idaho
7. Montana
8. Nevada
9. New Mexico
10. Oregon
11. Utah
12. Washington
13. Wyoming
### **Washington, D.C.**
- Waa **distrik gaar ah** oo ah caasimadda qaranka, mana hoos timaado gobol kale. Waxay leedahay maamul maxalli ah laakiin arrimaheeda qaar waxaa si toos ah u maamula dowladda federaalka.
Sidoo kale, Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay **deegaan-dibadeedyo** (territories) sida Guam, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, iyo Northern Mariana Islands. Kuwaas waa dhulal Mareykanku leeyahay laakiin aan ka mid ahayn 50-ka gobol.
Hoos waxaa ku taxan madaxweynayaashii soo maray Mareykanka, laga bilaabo kii ugu horreeyay ilaa maanta:
Madaxweynayaashii Mareykanka
1. **George Washington** (1789–1797)
2. **John Adams** (1797–1801)
3. **Thomas Jefferson** (1801–1809)
4. **James Madison** (1809–1817)
5. **James Monroe** (1817–1825)
6. **John Quincy Adams** (1825–1829)
7. **Andrew Jackson** (1829–1837)
8. **Martin Van Buren** (1837–1841)
9. **William Henry Harrison** (1841) – Waxaa u dhintay xanuun bil gudaheed.
10. **John Tyler** (1841–1845)
11. **James K. Polk** (1845–1849)
12. **Zachary Taylor** (1849–1850) – Wuxuu dhintay isagoo xilka haya.
13. **Millard Fillmore** (1850–1853)
14. **Franklin Pierce** (1853–1857)
15. **James Buchanan** (1857–1861)
16. **Abraham Lincoln** (1861–1865) – Wuxuu ku dhintay dil.
17. **Andrew Johnson** (1865–1869)
18. **Ulysses S. Grant** (1869–1877)
19. **Rutherford B. Hayes** (1877–1881)
20. **James A. Garfield** (1881) – Waxaa lagu dilay.
21. **Chester A. Arthur** (1881–1885)
22. **Grover Cleveland** (1885–1889)
23. **Benjamin Harrison** (1889–1893)
24. **Grover Cleveland** (1893–1897) – Kaliya madaxweyne laba jeer xilka qabtay, laakiin aan isku xigsiin.
25. **William McKinley** (1897–1901) – Waxaa lagu dilay.
26. **Theodore Roosevelt** (1901–1909)
27. **William Howard Taft** (1909–1913)
28. **Woodrow Wilson** (1913–1921)
29. **Warren G. Harding** (1921–1923) – Wuxuu ku dhintay isagoo xilka haya.
30. **Calvin Coolidge** (1923–1929)
31. **Herbert Hoover** (1929–1933)
32. **Franklin D. Roosevelt** (1933–1945) – Wuxuu ahaa madaxweynihii ugu muddada dheeraa, wuxuuna ku dhintay xafiiska.
33. **Harry S. Truman** (1945–1953)
34. **Dwight D. Eisenhower** (1953–1961)
35. **John F. Kennedy** (1961–1963) – Waxaa lagu dilay.
36. **Lyndon B. Johnson** (1963–1969)
37. **Richard Nixon** (1969–1974) – Isaga ayaa is-casilay.
38. **Gerald Ford** (1974–1977)
39. **Jimmy Carter** (1977–1981)
40. **Ronald Reagan** (1981–1989)
41. **George H. W. Bush** (1989–1993)
42. **Bill Clinton** (1993–2001)
43. **George W. Bush** (2001–2009)
44. **Barack Obama** (2009–2017) – Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Afrikaan-Amerikaan ah.
45. **Donald Trump** (2017–2021)
46. **Joe Biden** (2021–maanta)
Faallo dheeraad ah
Madaxweynayaasha qaar waxay la kulmeen xaalado adag sida dagaallo sokeeye, dilal, iyo is-casilaado. Inta badan madaxweynayaashu waxay ku guuleysteen dib u doorasho laba jeer, inkastoo qaar xafiiska ka tageen duruufo aan caadi ahayn. Joe Biden ayaa hadda ah madaxweynaha, isagoo noqday madaxweynihii ugu da'da weyn ee la doorto.